The document discusses different types of mixtures and solutions, describing mixtures as combinations of two or more components that retain their identities and can be physically separated, while solutions appear as single substances but are mixtures distributed evenly amongst their parts on a microscopic level. Common techniques for separating mixtures include distillation, magnets, and centrifuges. Solubility determines how much of a solute can dissolve in a solvent depending on factors like temperature, mixing, and particle size.
2. Mixtures and Solutions
• A mixture is a combination
of two or more components that
are NOT chemically combined,
and retain their identities.
Mixtures can be physically separated.
The identities of the substances DO NOT
change.
A homogeneous mixture is also called a
solution.
3. Mixtures
• When a mixture’s components are easily
recognizable, such as pizza, it is called a
heterogeneous mixture.
• In a homogeneous mixture such
as chocolate milk, the component
particles cannot be distinguished,
even though they still retain their
original properties.
4. •
Mixtures
Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures
Distillation – separates a mixture based on boiling
points of the component.
Examples :
saltwater
crude oil into gasoline and kerosene
Magnet – separates iron from other objects.
Centrifuge – spins and separates according to densities.
5. Solutions
• A mixture that appears to be a single substance
but is composed of particles of two or more
substances that are distributed evenly amongst
each other.
A solution may be liquid, gaseous, or solid.
Examples of solutions
Liquid - seawater
Gas - air
Solid - alloys
6. Solutions
• Dissolving – The process in which
particles of substances separate and
spread evenly amongst each other.
• Solute – substance that is dissolved. A solute is
soluble, or able to dissolve.
• A substance that is insoluble is unable to
dissolve, forms a mixture that is not
homogeneous, and therefore NOT a solution.
• Solvent – substance in which solute is dissolved.
7. Solubility
• The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute
needed to make a saturated solution using a given
amount of solvent at a certain temperature.
• Solubility is usually expressed in grams of solute per
100 ml of solvent (g/100ml)
• Three (3) methods that affect solubility
o Mixing, stirring, or shaking
o Heating
o Crushing or grinding
8. Suspension
• A mixture in which particles of
a material are dispersed through-
out a liquid or gas but are large
enough that they settle out.
o Particles are insoluble, so they DO NOT dissolve in the liquid or gas.
o Particles can be separated using a filter.
• Examples:
• Salad dressing
• Medicines that say
“shake well before use”
9. Colloids
• A mixture in which the particles are dispersed
throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out.
• Made up of solids, liquids and gases.
o Examples :
• Mayonnaise
• Stick deodorant
• milk
